Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced
person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific
personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner
is sometimes called a coachee.
Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship
between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the
other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs
from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more
general goals or overall development.
Coaching is applied in fields such as sports, performing
arts (singers get vocal coaches), acting (drama coaches and dialect coaches),
business, education, health care, and relationships (for example, dating
coaches).
Coaches use a range of communication skills (such as
targeted restatements, listening, questioning, clarifying, etc.) to help
clients shift their perspectives and thereby discover different approaches to
achieve their goals.
These skills can be used in almost all types of coaching. In
this sense, coaching is a form of "meta-profession" that can apply to
supporting clients in any human endeavour, ranging from their concerns in
health, personal, professional, sport, social, family, political, spiritual
dimensions, etc. There may be some overlap between certain types of coaching
activities. Coaching approaches are also influenced by cultural differences.
Business coaching is a type of human resource development
for business leaders. It provides positive support, feedback, and advice on an
individual or group basis to improve personal effectiveness in the business
setting, many a time focusing on behavioural changes through psychometrics or
360-degree feedback. Business coaching is also called executive coaching, corporate
coaching or leadership coaching. Coaches help their clients advance towards specific
professional goals.
These include career transition, interpersonal and
professional communication, performance management, organizational
effectiveness, managing career, and personal changes, developing executive
presence, enhancing strategic thinking, dealing effectively with conflict, and
building an effective team within an organization. An industrial-organizational
psychologist may work as an executive coach.
Business coaching is not restricted to external experts or
providers. Many organizations expect their senior leaders and middle managers
to coach their team members to reach higher levels of performance, increased
job satisfaction, personal growth, and career development. Research studies
suggest that executive coaching has positive effects on workplace performance
with some differences in the impact of internal and external coaches.
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